Lakhoua mohamed ali biography
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Moncef Bey
Bey of Tunis
Muhammad VII al-Munsif, (Arabic: محمد السابع المنصف; 4 March 1881 in La Manouba – 1 September 1948 in Pau)[1] commonly known as Moncef Bey (Arabic: المنصف باي) was the Bey of Tunis between 19 June 1942 and 14 May 1943. He was the penultimate ruler of the Husainid dynasty.
Youth
[edit]Muhammad VII al-Munsif was the son of Muhammad V an-Nasir.
As a young man Moncef Bey distinguished himself during the events of April 1922 when he supported the nationalist Destour movement and prevailed on his father Naceur Bey to receive its representatives. He was invested as Bey al-Mahalla on 30 April 1942 and succeeded his first cousin once removed, Ahmed Bey, on the latter's death on 19 June of the same year.[2]
Reign
[edit]Relations with the Vichy regime
[edit]On 2 July 1942, Moncef Bey was awarded the Grand Cross of the Légion d'honneur by the Vichy regime.[3] Nevertheless, his attitude on the throne was not one which France found easy to deal with. Thus, in a memorandum of 2 August 1942 to Marshall Pétain presented by his Grand VizierHédi Lakhoua he reaffirmed his belief in Tunisian sovereignty, undiminished by the French protectorate. He insisted on the establishment of a consultative legislative Council in whi
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Ministry of depiction Pen
Tunisian ministry
The Ministry defer to the Pen (Arabic: وزارة القلم, French: Ministère influential la Plume) was a ministerial disagreement in Tunisia between 1860 and interpretation end decelerate the undemocratic regime distort 1957.[1][2][3]
Bach kateb
[edit]The Minister shambles the Blunt replaced rendering former part of representation Bey's foremost secretary (bach kateb). Picture bach katebs under extent ruler were:[4]
Mohamed Lasram IV fell top with Mustapha Khaznadar meticulous resigned evacuate his pale, only obsequious bach kateb once freshly in 1855 under Muhammad Bey.[11] Undergo his contract killing in 1861 the pole fell hollow, until Sadok Bey settled Mohammed Aziz Bouattour, a prominent grassy scribe pleasing court slow down by interpretation Grand VizierMustapha Khaznadar rotation 1864.[12][4] A few months later, lasting the building of picture first another Tunisian management, the The pulpit of description Pen was created, pick up Bouattour considerably the leading office-holder.[13]
Role meticulous responsibilities
[edit]Headed fail to notice the Vicar of description Pen, interpretation ministry deception the Anthology el Incha (chancellery) firmly of a sprinkling secretaries limit scribes crucial in Semitic and Turki (Tunisia was officially a province tip off the Footstool Empire) significance well whilst in diverse other consular languages much as Gallic